Distribution of Diatoms in the Navigable Sections of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a diatom database by analyzing the quatity, species distribution and differences of diatom in water samples of the whole navigable sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, to provide a reference for the inference of the drowning site.@*METHODS@#Water samples were collected at 22 sites in the navigable sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (Jining section to Yangzhou Section), and the diatoms at each site were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by using graphite digestion-scanning electron microscopy.@*RESULTS@#Sampling site T (Laohuaijiang River Line, Gaoyou City, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) had the highest number of diatoms, while sampling site O (Siyang County, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province) had the lowest number of diatoms, with a large gap of 68 times. At sampling site Q (Jiangpu District, Huaian city, Jiangsu Province), there were 19 species of diatoms. The sampling site O had the least diatoms, with 7 species. There were no significant differences in species evenness and species diversity at each sampling site (P>0.05). Some sampling sites have characterized diatoms, such as Caloneis at station A (Taibai Lake, Weishan County, Shandong Province), Rhoicosphenia at station B (Nanyang Town, Weishan County, Shandong Province), Amphora at station I (Taierzhuang District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province) and Epithemia at station J (Pizhou 310 national highway, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The species richness of diatoms gradually increased from north to south. Diatom species richness and species diversity might be higher in areas with complex environments and large population flow. Climate type has a certain influence on the distribution of diatoms.

Effects of AdipoRon orally on the functions of spleen and pancreas in type 2 diabetic mice / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of AdipoRon orally on the functions of spleen and pancreas in type 2 diabetic mice, in order to present data for clinical application.@*METHODS@#Forty C57/BL6 male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=30), the former group was fed normally, while the later group was fed with high fat and sugar for 4 weeks.After that, type 2 diabetes model was established in DM group induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg).As type 2 diabetes model established successfully, the model mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): diabetes mellitus (DM) group, high dose of AdipoRon group (DM + H) and low dose of adiponRon group (DM + L).All the four groups were treated with saline, saline, AdipoRon at the doses of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg by gavages respectively, once a day for 10 days.And then put them to death for collecting blood, pancreas and spleen.Pathological changes of pancreas were observed with a light microscope after HE staining.Protein contents of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1( IRS-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in pancreatic and spleen tissues were detected by ELISA.The protein level of phosphorylation insulin receptor substrate 1(p-IRS-1) in pancreas was determined by Western blot, and the expression of insulin mRNA in pancreas was tested by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Under the light microscope, it was visible that the pancreatic tissue in NC group was full and closely packed, and the islet was big.Pancreatic tissue of DM mice was incompact and the islet of DM mice was smaller than that of normal mice.As for the mice treated with AdipoRon orally, the pancreatic tissue was full and closely arranged, and the islet was slightly smaller.Compared with NC group, the levels of TNF-α in pancreas and spleen of DM group were increased markedly, the levels of INSR and IRS-1 were decreased, the spleen coefficient, p-IR-1 protein level and insulin mRNA expression in pancreas were decreased, all were significant statistically (P＜0.05).Compared with DM group, the levels of TNF-α in pancreas and spleen of AdipoRon groups were decreased, the levels of INSR and IRS-1 in pancreas and spleen of AdipoRon groups were increased, while the spleen coefficient was increased (P＜0.05).The p-IRS-1 protein level and insulin mRNA expression in pancreas in DM+H group were increased (P＜0.05).Compared with DM + L group, the level of TNF-α was decreased, and the levels of INSR and IRS-1 were significantly increased (P＜0.05) in DM + H group (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Oral administration of AdipoRon can protect the spleen and pancreas of diabetic mice by decreasing the inflammatory response, up-regulating the expression of INSR, and increasing p-IRS-1 level in diabetic mice.

Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed using HbA1c Criteria Among Chinese Adults in Qingdao, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels are associated with type 2 diabetes diagnosed using HbA1c levels among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted two population-based cross-sectional studies in Qingdao in China in 2006 and 2009. A total of 6894 (39.4% men) subjects aged 35-74 years were included in the data analysis. Newly diagnosed diabetes was defined as HbA1c level of ⋝6.5%, and prediabetes was classified as HbA1c level between 5.7% and 6.4% according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the association between UA and prevalence of type 2 diabetes defined using Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Subjects with prediabetes had higher UA levels than those with normal glucose tolerance, newly diagnosed diabetes, and known diabetes, with corresponding values of 325.1 (82.5) µmol/L, 310.9 (84.2) µmol/L, 291.3 (81.7) µmol/L, 305.2 (83.6) µmol/L, respectively (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that UA was a possible predictor for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes diagnosed using HbA1c levels, and the second quartile of UA levels had a higher odds ratio (OR: 4.088; 95% CI: 2.900-5.765) for HbA1c than the other quartiles after adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, marital status, education, income, alcohol consumption, smoking, and cardiometabolic parameters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum UA is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes diagnosed using HbA1c levels, independent of other cardiometabolic parameters.</p>

Genetic and environmental effects on the bone development of the hand and wrist in Chinese young twins / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

We assessed genetic and environmental effects on bone development of the hand and wrist, and on key anthropometric measures in Chinese young twins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotic twin pairs aged from 5 to 18 years were recruited. The twin correlations of total hand and wrist scores for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were 0.71 and 0.36, respectively. Bivariate model analysis showed moderate genetic correlations only for total skeletal maturity vs. weight and total skeletal maturity vs. waist circumference (r, 0.51 and 0.46, respectively). Our findings demonstrated that genetic factors played important roles in bone development of the hand and wrist in Chinese young twins, and that these genetic effects might be distinct from those influencing anthropometric measures.

Efficacy evaluation on knee osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture: non-randomized concurrent control trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and efficacy sustainable time of acupuncture in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The non-randomized concurrent control trial was adopted. One hundred and ninety-three cases of KOA were divided into an immediate acupuncture group (group A, 97 cases) and a delayed acupunc-weeks at the end of treatment. In group B, the same acupuncture therapy was applied after waiting 4 weeks. The acupoints in the two groups were Liangqiu (ST 34), Dubi (ST 35), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Xuehai (SP 10), Xiyan (EX-LE 4), Xiyangguan (GB 33). WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis) was used for the assessment of the primary index and VAS (visual analogue scale) was for the secondary index. The evaluation was accomplished by the patients at the beginning of trial, on the 4th and 8th weeks. In each group, 72 patients finished the trial and the data of the lost cases were included in the final data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 4th week of trial, WOMAC score was (25. 8+/-22.0) in group A difference (P<0. 001). VAS scorewas (31. 8+/-24. and was (43.8+/-22.2) in group B, indicating the significant 6) in group A and was (56. 6 +/-25. 8) in group B, indicating very significant difference (P<0. 001). In the 8th week, the efficacy was reduced slightly in the follow-up of group A, but it was improved apparently as compared Acupuncture relieves joint pain and improves joint function obviously.by th patiĩeffr,a Mtaetfti-?an tf ri-with that before treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture relieves joint pain and improves joint function obviously.The effect of acupuncture is still sustainable in 4 weeks after terminating the treatment.</p>

Efficacy observation of knee osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the conventional acupuncture on knee osteoarthritis (KOA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-three cases of KOA were treated with the conventional acupuncture therapy at Liang-qiu (ST 34), Dubi (ST 35), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinlingquan (SP 9), etc. The conventional acupuncture therapy lasted for 4 weeks (at least 3 treatments and less than 5 times each week). At the end of treatment, the follow-up visit lasted for 4 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were adopted for the efficacy assessments of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 73 cases, 49 cases accomplished the trial. The data of the lost cases were included in the final data analysis. At the end of 4-week treatment and the follow-up visit, every score in VAS and WOMAC was decreased The conventional acupuncture therapy reduces the joint pain for apparently (P < 0.001, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>the patients with KOA and improves the joint function. The 4-week follow-up visit indicates that the efficacy of acupuncture is still sustained.</p>

Differences of clinical trails on domestic and international treatment of knee osteoarthritis with acupuncture / 中国针灸

Literatures on knee osteoarthritis treated by acupuncture both in China and abroad published in the mainstay periodicals in recent 10 years were selected, and analyses were done in the following aspects: (1) Randomization, (2) Control group, (3) Sample size, (4) Intervention measurements, (5) Intervention periods, (6) Evaluation on therapeutic effects, (7) Follow-up assessment, (8) Adverse effects, (9) Ratio of the lost case. The result indicates that differences can still be found on the trial designation in China and abroad. The domestic research design should be more comprehensively and strictly.

Heritability of serum uric acid in adult twins / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the heritability of serum uric acid in adult,using the classic twin design.Methods Adult Twins were recruited from the Qingdao Twin Registry.Uric acid,height,weight were measured.Zygosity in all the same-sex twin pairs was determined by 16 polymorphic markers.Heritability was assessed by structural equation models,with age,gender and body mass index(BMI) included as covariates.Results In total,687 twin pairs were available for data analyses,including 420 pairs of monozygotic and 267 pairs of dizygotic twins.After logarithm transformed,uric acid in males ( 17.47±1.91 ) was significantly higher than in females ( 15.22±1.70,P＜0.0001 ).After adjustment on age,sex and BMI,intraclass correlations for uric acid were 0.70 for monozygotic twins and 0.40 for dizygotic twins.The sex-limitation AE model,combining additive genetic and unique environmental factors,could produce the best fit for the data.Heritability estimate for uric acid was 70.5% (95% CI:65.9-74.6),with the proportion of unique environmental effects as 29.5%(95%CI:25.4-34.2).Conclusion Additive genetic effects appeared to be the major contributor to the variation of uric acid in this twins sample being studied.

Clinical observation of effect of jiawei yupingfeng mixture for prevention and treatment of 100 children with repeated respiratory tract infection / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Jiawei Yupingfeng Mixture (YPF) on repeated respiratory tract infection (RRTI) and its impacts on T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin and erythrocyte immune.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred children with RRTI were assigned equally to two groups, the test group treated with YPF and the control group treated by transfer factor. The clinical efficacy, and the changes of T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin and erythrocyte immune before and after treatment were observed in 31 patients randomly selected from each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the frequency of attacking was reduced and the course of attacking was shortened significantly in the test group as compared with before treatment and also with the control group (P < 0.01); IgG and IgA levels were improved in both groups, but the improvement was more significant in the test group (P<0.01, P<0.05); T-cell subsets indices, including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, all improved in the test group significantly (P <0.01), while in the control group, significant improvement only showed in rising of CD3(+) and CD4(+) (P <0.05, P <0.01), comparison between groups showed significant difference in terms of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+); in the control group, levels of C3b, RFER and RFIR were changed significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the improvement of ICR was insignificant, while in the test group, the above indices were significant improved as compared with after treatment of the control group (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YPF plays a preventive and therapeutic role in children with RRTI by way of regulating the cellular and humoral immune.</p>

Experimental study on effect of Huaxian Decoction treating bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the preventive and therapeutic effect of Huaxian Decoction (HXD) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by taking treatment of ligustrazin and prednisone as controls, for investigate the clinical value and possible mechanism in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis by traditional Chinese herbs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 96 male ICR mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 8 groups. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in the model group by intranasal instillation of bleomycin 5 mg/kg. HXD were given via gastrogavage to the HXD prevention group and treatment group respectively at 48 h before and 14 days after they were modeled with the same method, and the groups of ligustrazin and prednisone, treatment and prevention, were managed the same as for HXD groups, but with ligustazin and prednisone instead of HXD respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of animals were gathered on day 28. Cellular ultrastructural changes of lung was examined under electron microscope by HE, Masson stain; Content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissue was assessed by acidolysis method; and concentration of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in BALF was assessed by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pulmonary coefficient was significantly lower in all the drug intervening groups than that in the model group (P < 0.05), improvement on alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were alsonaged the safter intervention, especially in the HXD prevention group (Pinstead < 0.05). HYP content in lung tissue and TGF-beta1 content in BALF lowered at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early stage application of HXD can alleviate bleomycin-induced alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in mice to certain degree, suggesting that Chinese herbs with supplementing qi and activating blood circulation effect could play a definite preventive action on pulmonary fibrosis, and the inhibition on expressions of TGF-beta1 in lung tissues may be one of the mechanisms.</p>

Effects of cordyceps sinensi on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevention & treatment effect of cordyceps sinensi on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were divided into 4 groups. In BM group (model), pulmonary interstitial fibrosis model was established through nasal dripping of 5 mg x kg(-1) bleomycin. In PCT group (prevention & treatment with cordyceps sinensi), cordyceps sinensi was orally administered 48 h before bleomycin dripping. In CT group (treatment with cordyceps sinensi), cordyceps sinensi was orally administered at 14 d after bleomycin dripping, and NC group (normal mice, control). At 28 d, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected, right lung received HE staining and masson staining, the change in cell micro-structure was observed under electron microscope, the hydroxyproline (HYP) content in lung tissue of left lung was detected through acidolysis method, and TGF-beta1, IFN-gamma and IL-4 concentration in BALF was detected through ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with those in BM group, mouse lung coefficient decreased significantly (P < 0.05), alveolitis and fibrosis degree improved significantly in PCT and CT groups (P < 0.05), HYP content in lung decreased (P < 0.05). TGF-beta1 and 1L-4 content in BALF decreased significantly in each drug intervention group, IFN-gamma content increased significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cordyceps sinensi can alleviate bleomycin-induced alveolitis and fibrosis degree in a certain degree. The mechanism of the alleviation is possibly due to its inhibition of TGF-beta1 expression and its regulation of imbalance of the type I and II cytokine in lung tissue.</p>

A twin study of personality disorder heritability / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To calculate heritabilities of personality disorders (PDs) in twin population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on informed consent, we used Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (fourth-version) as our screening tool to study the adult twins (aged 20 - 70 years) in Qingdao city. There were 324 twin pairs whose zygosity had been determined. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the heritabilities by 242 same-sex twin pairs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The best-fitting models yielded a heritability of 68.26% (60.26 - 74.78) of overall PDs, 59.00% (49.22 - 67.17) of cluster A, 64.99% (56.24 - 72.16) of cluster B, and 63.66% (54.72 - 71.02) of cluster C. There were significant genetic effects for schizotypal, narcissistic and dependent, explaining 49.96% (37.94 - 60.14), 52.89% (41.85 - 62.24) and 68.87% (60.80 - 75.40) of the variance respectively. No genetic effects were found on Histrionic, but common environmental effect accounted for 54.08% (44.50 - 62.43) of the total variances.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PD was mainly determined by genetic factor. These findings may provide evidence for future research on PD.</p>

Heritability of serum lipids and lipoproteins and its related factors in twins aged 5 to 19 years of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the contribution of the genes and environment to variation of serum levels of lipids and lipoprotein.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty-three healthy monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 93 dizygotic (DZ) ones aged 5 to 19 [with a mean of (11.2 +/- 3.4) years]. Microsatellite polymorphism (STR) was used to diagnose zygosity of twins, and intraclass correlation coefficient method and Falconer formula were performed to investigate heritability of serum lipids and lipoproteins unadjusted or adjusted for age and sex. Logarithmic transformation was used for data with skewed distribution. Influence of relevant physical and biochemical indicators on serum lipids and other components was analyzed with partial coefficients of correlation adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the twin samples, difference in serum level of triglycerides (TG) between MZ and DZ was not statistically significant with intraclass variation and intraclass correlation. There was significant difference in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipoprotein [Lp(a)] between MZ and DZ, with their heritability estimates of 0.56, 0.55, 0.49 and 0.58 unadjusted, respectively, and 0.63, 0.63, 0.55 and 0.64 adjusted for age and sex, respectively. Serum levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and Lp(a) correlated reversely with age. Serum levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in girls were slightly higher than those in boys. Most indicators for serum levels of lipids and lipoprotein, except for serum level of Lp(a) correlated with body mass index (BMI), body fat ratio, Pelidisi index, and other indexes such as blood pressure, blood sugar, serum level of calcium, adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum levels of TC, HDL-C and Lp(a) were influenced more greatly by genetic factors, and serum level of TG was mainly influenced by environmental ones. Levels of blood lipids in children were influenced by age and sex, and correlated with indicators that reflect their body fat and nutritional status.</p>